Conditions and Branching in Java

if-else

if (marks >= 90) {
    System.out.println("A");
} else if (marks >= 75) {
    System.out.println("B");
} else if (marks >= 60) {
    System.out.println("C");
} else {
    System.out.println("Fail");
}

Switch

int day = 2;

switch (day) {
    case 1:
        System.out.println("Monday");
        break;

    case 2:
        System.out.println("Tuesday");
        break;

    default:
        System.out.println("Invalid day");
}

Modern method

int day = 2;

String name = switch (day) {
    case 1 -> "Monday";
    case 2 -> "Tuesday";
    case 3 -> "Wednesday";
    default -> "Invalid";
};

System.out.println(name);

String type = switch (day) {
    case 1, 2, 3 -> "Weekday";
    case 6, 7 -> "Weekend";
    default -> "Invalid";
};

Advantages

• No break required.
• No accidental fall-through.
• Can directly return/produce a value.
• Multiple values can be grouped.

yield in Switch

String result = switch (day) {
    case 1 -> {
        System.out.println("Processing...");
        yield "Monday";
    }

    default -> "Other";
};

• return → returns from the method
• yield → returns a value from the switch expression